Know about Endoscopy and its procedure and risk

Endoscopy is the insertion of a long, thin tube into the body for a thorough examination of an internal organ or tissue. Certain functions, including scanning and minor surgery, can also be used.

Endoscopes are minimally invasive and can be placed in openings such as the mouth or anus in the body.

HOW DOES ENDOSCOPY WORKS?

For example in the knee or abdomen, they can be inserted into small incisions. Small incision surgery with special instruments such as the endoscope is also called keyhole surgery.

Since modern endoscopy offers relatively low risk, provides detailed pictures and operates  Quickly, it has proven incredibly useful in many medical fields.

This article will explore different forms of endoscopy, why and how, the general process, any potential risks, and endoscopy safety.

QUICK ENDOSCOPY FACTS

Here are some key endoscopy points. The main article contains more details and additional information.

• Endoscopies are fast procedures that are relatively safe.
• The first endoscope was designed in 1806.
• The principal purposes behind endoscopy are examination, affirmation and treatment.
• Endoscopy can be used to remove tumours or polyps from the digestive tract.

Endoscopic procedures help study many systems in the human body; these areas include:

• Gastrointestinal tract: throat, endoscopy stomach, and duodenum (esophagogastroduodenoscopy), small digestive system , internal organ/colon (colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy), bile conduit, rectum (rectoscopy), and butt (anoscopy).
• Respiratory tract: Nose (rhinoscopy), lower respiratory tract (bronchoscopy).
• Ear: Otoscopy
• Urinary tract: Cystoscopy
• Female regenerative tract (gynoscopy): Cervix (colposcopy), uterus (hysteroscopy), fallopian tubes (falloposcopy).
• Through a little entry point: Abdominal or pelvic depression (laparoscopy), inside of a joint (arthroscopy), organs of the chest (thoracoscopy and mediastinoscopy).

WHAT IS A CAPSULE ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURE?

In the mid1990s, Capsule endoscopy was developed and included a wireless lens. The camera is small enough to fit into a capsule and can be swallowed (about the size of a vitamin tablet).

As the capsule passes through the digestive tract, thousands of photos are taken and transmitted to a device attached to a portable belt.

The endoscopy capsule is used for the small intestine image, a region that uses standard endoscopy to be difficult to image. It is also very useful to examine the small intestinal mucosa and to diagnose Crohn's disease's reliable source. The capsule usually passes in 24 to 48 hours through the digestive system.

This technique is relatively new and was accepted in 2001 by the U.S. FDA for use. To date, more than 500,000 endoscopic procedures have been performed per capsule and almost 1,000 reports covering its medical use have been published.

ENDOSCOPY EXAMINATION PREPARATION

• A doctor will advise on how to do endoscopy preparation because there will be different requirements for different procedures.
• Since endoscopy is usually a safe operation, it does not require a hospital overnight stay and usually only takes about an hour to complete. The doctor will give you instructions on how to do endoscopy preparations.
• For many types of endoscopy, the individual has to fast for about 12 hours, although this varies depending on the type.
• For gut investigation procedures, laxatives can be taken the day before to clean the system.
• A doctor will perform an examination before the endoscopy. It is important to mention all current medications (including supplements) and all previous procedures, to ensure optimal endoscopy safety during procedure and examination.

ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURE:

To some degree, the treatment will depend on the reason for the endoscopic examination. Main reasons to carry out an endoscopic examination or treatment are:

• Investigate and Diagnose:

The investigative and diagnostic part of the endoscopy is termed as diagnostic endoscopy. This diagnostic endoscopy is primarily used for investigating symptoms and then determining a proper diagnosis for the diseases. If a person has vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, stomach ulcers, difficulty swallowing or gastrointestinal bleeding, for example, an endoscope can be used to determine the cause.

Moreover, Endoscopy may be used to conduct a biopsy to verify cancer diagnosis or other illnesses.

• Endoscope Surgery /Treatment:

Endoscope surgery can be used to directly treat a disease; for example, endoscopy can be used to cauterise (seal with heat) a bleeding vessel or remove a polyp, this treatment through endoscopy is known as therapeutic endoscopy.

Additionally, therapeutic endoscopy is sometimes paired with a different procedure, like an ultrasound, to provide detailed images and facilitate acceptable needle initiative for diagnostic and therapy purposes. The healthcare professional also uses therapeutic endoscopy to place the ultrasonic probes close to organs that can be hard to imagine, such as the pancreas.

Occasionally, modern therapeutic endoscopy uses scopes fitted with sensitive lights using band imaging. Another imaging method uses different blue and green wavelengths to help physicians distinguish precancerous conditions more easily.

Most diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopies are performed when the patient is under “conscious sedation,” i.e. when he gets local anaesthesia (typically anaesthetic spray at the back of the throat).  For endoscopic procedures involving mouth entry, a mouthguard protects the teeth and lips during tube insertion.

ENDOSCOPY RESULT

• Surgical endoscopes help reduce the duration of bleeding and recovery.
• Endoscopy has progressed in recent years, allowing some forms of surgery to be performed using a modified endoscope; this makes the surgery less invasive.
• Endoscopic procedures such as removing the gallbladder, sealing and attaching the fallopian tubes and removing small tumours from the digestive system or lungs are now common

WHAT IS A LAPAROSCOPE?

A laparoscope (also called laparoscopic surgery) is a modified endoscopic procedure for keyhole surgery.

Laparoscopic surgery requires only a small incision and may be used for appendectomies (removal of the appendix), hysterectomies (removal of the uterus) and prostatectomies (removal of prostate tissue).

Patients lose less blood during and after surgery using this technique and can heal much more easily than normal surgical procedures.

ENDOSCOPY RISKS AND ADVERSE EFFECTS

Endoscopy is a relatively safe technique, but some risks remain. These endoscopy risks depend on the area under the scope.

Some of the Endoscopy risks may include:

• Excessive sedation, although sedation is not always necessary.
• Feeling bloated after the procedure for periods of short time.
• Mild cramping.
• Experiencing numb throat for a few hours due to the use of a local anaesthetic.

Investigative Domain Infection

• This is one of the endoscopy risks that occurs most often when additional procedures are performed at the same time. Infections are usually minor and can be treated with an antibiotic course.
• Strong pain in the endoscopy region.
• A stomach or oesophagus lining perforation or tear occurs in 1 case between 2500 and 11 000 cases.